Knee replacement surgery, or knee arthroplasty, is considered a highly effective treatment for those experiencing significant knee pain, stiffness, inflammation, and reduced knee function due to degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis or other forms of arthritis like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.

The knee is one of the largest and most complex joints in the human body, comprising of the lower end of the femur (thigh bone), the upper end of the tibia (shin bone), and the patella (kneecap). Smooth cartilage and synovial fluid provide a low-friction and cushioned interface between these bones, allowing for smooth movement. However, diseases like osteoarthritis can wear down this cartilage, leading to painful bone-on-bone contact and limiting mobility.

During a knee replacement surgery, the surgeon removes the damaged portions of the femur, tibia, and sometimes the posterior surface of the patella. These parts are then replaced with artificial components made from biocompatible materials such as metal alloys and high-grade plastics. This new prosthetic joint aims to mimic the natural movement of the knee, alleviating pain and improving function.

The decision to proceed with knee replacement surgery is often taken after other less invasive treatments have been attempted without sufficient relief. These may include physiotherapy, weight management, the use of pain medications or injections, and lifestyle modifications.

There are two main types of knee replacement surgeries: total knee replacement and partial (or unicompartmental) knee replacement.

Total Knee Replacement Surgery (TKR)

Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint to relieve pain and disability. It is most commonly performed for osteoarthritis and also for other knee diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.

Partial Knee Replacement (PKR)

Partial knee replacement, also known as unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure performed when arthritis is present in one specific area or “compartment” of the knee, rather than throughout the entire joint. The knee is divided into three compartments: the medial compartment (inside part of the knee), the lateral compartment (outside part), and the patellofemoral compartment (front of the knee between the kneecap and thighbone).